Optimal K at Edge of Chaos

• K* = 8-10 is optimal: gives highest avg fitness (“most fit ecosystem”)

• Selective Pressure for K*: When a species’ (i.e. Cell’s) K value was perturbed further from (closer to) K*, its fitness decreased (increased).

• Evidence for Edge of Chaos at K*

  • Lattice changes from gaseous to solid near K*.
  • Self-Organized Criticality: Power-Law distribution of “avalanches” (cascading genotype changes) near K*.

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